Tutorials

# Redundant data and pseudo-inverse

%matplotlib widget
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.ioff()
# turn of warnings
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

It can happen, that the kriging system gets numerically unstable. One reason could be, that the input data contains redundant conditioning points that hold different values.

To smoothly deal with such situations, you can use the pseudo inverse for the kriging matrix, which is enabled by default.

This will result in the average value for the redundant data.

## #Example

In the following we have two different values at the same location. The resulting kriging field will hold the average at this point.

import numpy as np
import gstools as gs

# condtions
cond_pos = [0.3, 1.9, 1.1, 3.3, 1.1]
cond_val = [0.47, 0.56, 0.74, 1.47, 1.14]
# resulting grid
gridx = np.linspace(0.0, 8.0, 81)
# spatial random field class
model = gs.Gaussian(dim=1, var=0.5, len_scale=1)
krig = gs.krige.Ordinary(model, cond_pos=cond_pos, cond_val=cond_val)
field, var = krig(gridx)
ax = krig.plot()
ax.scatter(cond_pos, cond_val, color="k", zorder=10, label="Conditions")
ax.legend()